王艳丽

       城市用地再开发作为城市更新升级的重要手段，会对交通系统产生正反两方面的影响，既有可能缓解交通问题也可能引发或加剧交通拥挤。随着城市用地再开发的增多和交通拥挤的日益严峻，在进行城市用地再开发时，必须有效协调其与交通系统的关系以防止交通拥挤的进一步恶化。而目前虽有大量关于土地利用与交通关系以及一般交通拥挤对策的研究，但是对再开发下交通问题研究的针对性和系统性不足，急需系统性的成因剖析和对策研究来避免再开发下交通拥挤的形成与加剧。因此，研究城市用地再开发下的交通拥挤机理以及相关的预防策略是极为必要的。

       论文首先运用系统分析以及定性和定量分析结合的方法，从用地再开发的内在机理、再开发与交通系统的关系出发，对城市用地再开发下的交通拥挤问题进行剖析。一方面从用地再开发的内涵、动因、机制和特性入手，分析了其可能导致交通问题的因素；另一方面探讨城市用地再开发与交通系统的作用关系，展现了再开发对交通系统的影响路径，从出行状况、交通状态、拥挤情况三个方面分析并归纳了影响的正反两方面结果，并总结了用地再开发过程中可能导致交通拥挤形成或加剧的原因将其追溯到规划技术方法以及管理方面的不足。

       然后,论文针对规划技术层面存在的不足，提出了两个对策来确保用地再开发规划的交通合理性。第一个是规划方案的定量评价工具——应对城市用地再开发的交通拥挤的规划预检方法，通过建立交通状态及拥挤程度评价指标体系以及再开发下交通及拥挤影响程度评价指标，给出了交通合理性判定的评价标准以判别用地再开发规划的交通合理性，为制定合理的再开发方案提供参考依据。第二个是规划方案的有效支撑工具——适用城市再开发的土地利用与交通一体化综合模型，针对用地再开发特别提出了需要改进和完善的部分以及交通模块中的多层客运模型以提高用地再开发下的交通需求预测精度，为决策提供支持。

       再者,论文针对规划管理方面存在的问题，从协调规划以及全面管控等方面针对性的给出了城市用地再开发下交通拥挤的管理策略。综合考虑城市用地的交通分类、限定土地开发强度等方法进行协调规划制定再开发方案；对用地再开发过程中的管理，从再开发途径多样化等方面完善再开发机制，从慢行交通以及交通组织改善等方面完善交通影响评价体系；而对于用地再开发后的交通拥挤则给出了一些针对性的供需管理策略。

最后，论文在理论分析的基础上，运用案例分析了用地再开发对交通的影响以及所提出对策的应用效果。案例借鉴美国马里兰州的数据和土地利用与交通一体化模型对多个用地再开发方案进行模拟仿真，运用一体化模型预测结果分析了用地再开发对交通的影响，并采用预检的工作流程，得到了最优用地再开发方案以及相应的交通设施改善与效果分析,为城市用地再开发及其交通规划提供参考。

关键词：城市用地再开发，土地利用，交通拥挤，规划预检，管理策略

     Urban land redevelopment as an important means to upgrade cities will produce two-sided impact on transportation system to ease traffic problems or to exacerbate traffic congestion. With the increase in urban land redevelopment projects and traffic congestion, effective coordination of the relationship between urban land redevelopment and transportation system is required to prevent the deterioration of traffic congestion. Currently, although a lot of research on the relationship between land use and transportation, and general congestion countermeasures, there are few studies on the traffic problem with urban land redevelopment, which means no targeted and systematic analysis and countermeasures to the traffic congestion due to urban land redevelopment. Therefore, it is extremely necessary to do research on traffic congestion mechanism and countermeasures of urban land redevelopment.

     First of all, using systems analysis and combining qualitative and quantitative methods, the paper revealed the process and reasons of traffic congestion with land redevelopment from multiple aspects including the internal mechanism of land redevelopment and its relationship with transport system. On the one hand, it obtained the factors of land redevelopment which could cause traffic problems from the land redevelopment motivation and characteristics; on the other hand, it showed the impact path on transport system through the connection between urban land redevelopment and transport system, and also summarized the positive and negative effect from three aspects (travel conditions, traffic conditions, and traffic congestion condition) and the reasons whose root is the shortage of planning technical methods and management.

     And then, to remedy the shortage of planning technical methods, the paper proposed two means to ensure traffic rationality of the urban land redevelopment planning. The first means is a tool for quantitative evaluation of the planning - the traffic congestion pre-examination for urban land redevelopment planning. Through providing the evaluation measures for the status of traffic and traffic congestion as well as the impact of land redevelopment, it build the indicators and evaluation criteria to judge traffic rationality with land redevelopment planning. The second means is a tool to support the planning effectively – the integrated land use and transportation model for urban land redevelopment. For land redevelopment, it highlighted the parts needed to improve and the multi-passenger travel models of the traffic module in order to increase the accuracy of the traffic demand forecast with land redevelopment for supporting decision-making.

     Next, for the problems existing in planning and management, the paper gave some targeted management strategies to reduce traffic congestion under land redevelopment from aspects of coordinated planning and comprehensive management. The methods of traffic demand classification of urban land and land development intensity limitation were given for developing coordinated redevelopment planning; for the process management of land redevelopment, specific measures were provided to improve the internal mechanism through diversification the redevelopment ways and some other aspects, and to improve traffic impact assessment system from the aspects of slow traffic and traffic organization; while, for the traffic congestion after land redevelopment, it offered some strategies about the transport service supply and traffic demand management.

     Finally, based on the theoretical analysis, the paper analyzed the impact of land redevelopment on transport and the application of countermeasures as well as its effect through a case study. The data and the integrated land use and transportation model of Maryland were adopted to develop and run the land redevelopment scenarios. Through analysis of the simulation results of integrated land use and transportation model, the paper revealed the impact of land redevelopment on traffic, and then applied the workflow of the traffic congestion pre-examination for urban land redevelopment planning to get the best land redevelopment scenario and the effect of improvement of transport facilities for this scenario. It provided a reference for urban land redevelopment and transportation planning.

Key Words: urban land redevelopment; land use; traffic congestion; pre-examination for planning; strategy of management