王迪 

城市的快速发展带来巨大的交通出行需求，从而造成交通拥堵问题。为缓解交通拥堵以及拥堵带来的一系列问题，许多城市大力发展公共交通。常见的公共交通形式包括轨道交通、常规公交、巴士快速公交等。与城市轨道交通相比，巴士快速公交系统建设周期短、投资少、运营方式灵活且运营成本低；与常规公交相比，巴士快速公交运量大、服务水平高。作为中运量的交通方式，巴士快速公交系统大大的缓解了地面运能不足的问题。

本文的目的是从巴士快速公交系统定位切入，建立覆盖点和线层面的线路评价体系，帮助管理者及时发现现有问题，从而进一步管理和完善巴士快速公交系统。

首先，从线层面出发，研究了巴士快速公交线路线层面评价方法。从巴士快速公交功能定位与实际面临的问题出发，建立了线路的评价指标体系，提出了“线路结构合理”、“运行高效优质”以及“换乘衔接便捷”的指标选取准则。在对因子分析、聚类算法以及模糊综合评价等模型进行综合对比后，选择了未确知测度模型作为评价方法，其中权重确定采用基于离差平方和最小化的主客观组合赋权法，实现了对巴士快速公交线路的定量化评价。

其次，从点层面出发，探究了站域协同程度评价方法。针对站点的客流特征，运用时间序列聚类方法将站点分为“左峰型”、“右峰型”以及“双峰型”三种类型。运用节点-场所模型对站点客流与周边土地利用发展进行分别测算，将站点划分为从属区、平衡区、压力区、节点失衡区以及场所失衡区五类，从而完成对站点站域协同程度的评价。

最终基于实际案例对巴士快速公交线路点、线层面的评价理论体系进行应用与检验。通过获取广州巴士快速公交客流数据、线路层面数据、站域内土地利用数据，形成完整的评价指标体系。采用未确知测度模型将30条广州巴士快速公交线路分为五级，实现对广州巴士快速公交线路的线层面评价。通过时序聚类方法将走廊内站点根据客流特征分成左峰型、右峰型、双峰型三种类型，利用节点-场所模型将站点分为从属区、平衡区、压力区、节点失衡区以及场所失衡区五类，完成对走廊内26个站点的站域协同性评价。

研究成果可以为今后巴士快速公交的规划、设计、运营以及站点周边的土地利用规划提供借鉴。

关键词：巴士快速公交，未确知测度，站域，节点-场所模型

The rapid development of cities has brought huge demand for transportation, resulting in the problem of traffic congestion. In order to alleviate traffic congestion and a series of problems caused by congestion, many cities vigorously develop public transportation, including rail transit, bus, etc. Compared with urban rail transit, bus rapid transit system has the following advantages: short construction period, low investment, flexible operation mode and low operating cost. Compared with conventional bus, bus rapid transit system has a large volume and a high level of service. As a medium transit system, the bus rapid transit system has greatly alleviated the shortage of ground transportation capacity.

The purpose of this paper is to establish a line evaluation system covering the point and line level, aiming at the actual problems, so as to further manage and improve the BRT system. The content and results of this paper are summarized as follows:

First, focusing on the line level, it mainly introduces the line-level evaluation method of BRT lines. The functional orientation of bus rapid transit is the extension of rail transit, and the practical problems it faces are poor connection with rail transit and incoordination with surrounding land use. Focusing on the functional positioning of BRT and the actual problems faced, the evaluation index system of the line is established, and the index selection criteria of "reasonable line structure", "high-efficiency and high-quality operation" and "convenient transfer " are put forward. After a comprehensive comparison of various evaluation models, the unascertained measurement model is selected as the evaluation method, and the evaluation method combining subjective and objective is used to complete the weight determination, which realizes the quantitative evaluation of bus rapid transit lines.

Next, focusing on the point level, the research on the evaluation method of station area synergy degree is explored. Using time series clustering, the station is preliminarily classified into three types: " left peak type", " right peak type" and "bimodal type" through the characteristics of passenger flow. Carry out separate calculations, and divide the stations into five categories: Dependency, Accessibility, Stress, Unsustained Node, Unsustained Place, so as to complete the station area synergy evaluation.

Finally, based on the actual case, the evaluation theory system at the point and line level of BRT routes is applied and tested. A complete evaluation index system is formed by obtaining the passenger flow data, line-level data, and land use data within the station area of Guangzhou Bus Rapid Transit. The 30 Guangzhou bus rapid transit lines are divided into five levels by using the undetermined measurement model, and the line-level evaluation of Guangzhou bus rapid transit lines is realized. Through the time series clustering method, the stations in the corridor are divided into three types: left peak type, right peak type, and double peak type according to the characteristics of passenger flow. There are five types of site imbalance areas, and the station-domain synergy evaluation of 26 stations in the corridor has been completed.

The research results can put forward constructive suggestions for the planning, design, operation of BRT in the future.

Keywords: Bus Rapid Transit, Unknown Measure, Station Area, Node-place Model