理想中的城市公共交通体系不仅需要形成网络，而且需要网络真正的互联互通，并与出行需求分布相匹配，提供有品质的出行服务。因此，在发展公共交通复合网络的背景下，公共交通网络内外部进行有效的互联，形成相对全面的覆盖是提高竞争力的有效手段。针对网络层面的评价也应该是系统评价的重要方面，识别出行痛点并改善，以减少公交出行的时空消耗，实现公共交通的“真正优先”。

在城市公共交通设施中，公共交通站点作为公共交通系统中客流吸引的基点、线路联系的结点、交通矛盾的焦点，在整个公共交通系统中发挥着重要作用。因此，本文的研究点放在了公共交通设施中的公共交通站点。将公共交通出行过程划分为三个阶段，分别是出发地至出发站点、通过公共交通系统从出发站点至目的站点、目的站点至目的地。对应将站点可达性的评价内容分为：站域可达性评价和站间可达性评价，分别对应站点与网络外部慢行接驳设施的衔接以及站点在网络内部之间相互的衔接。综合评价公共交通站点的可达性，为制定提高公交竞争力的相关措施提供理论依据。

一方面，提出了考虑步行接驳环境影响的站域可达性评价方法。基于“环境—行为”理论，构建影响步行感知阻抗的初始因素集，以问卷调查的方式了解乘客对各因素重要程度的感知情况。采用ECR模型分析因素重要度，筛选和确定步行感知阻抗关键因素。进一步采用基于选择的联合分析方法，整合关键影响因素进行行人偏好数据收集，利用logit模型标定各因素的偏好度，构建步行感知阻抗模型。最后将细化的感知阻抗应用到站域可达性评价模型中。

另一方面，构建了考虑多种公共交通方式之间换乘的站间可达性评价方法。提取车内站数、换乘步行时间和换乘形式三个因素，收集乘客的出行意愿，采用logit模型标定各换乘因素系数，构建换乘阻抗函数。基于复杂网络理论，在单一公交拓扑网络构建方法的基础上，考虑不同公交方式之间的换乘增加连边；根据换乘阻抗函数确定出行阻抗作为连边权重，提出复合公共交通加权拓扑网络的构建方法。进一步建立了站间可达性评价模型。

以上海市嘉定区为例，分别对站域可达性评价和站间可达性评价方法进行应用，验证其有效性和合理性。收集了嘉定区域内部65条公交线路和1268个公交站点，构建复合公共交通拓扑网络，计算可达性指数。并采用分形理论分析嘉定区公共交通站点站间可达性的空间分布规律，将嘉定区划分为三个圈层。进一步在三个圈层中共选择6个站点，收集POI信息和周边步行网络信息，进行站域可达性评价。最后根据站点可达性评价结果提出相应的改善建议。

最后，对论文存在的不足和后续研究方向展开了讨论。

关键词：公共交通站点，可达性，感知阻抗，拓扑网络

The ideal urban public transport system should cover as many areas as possible when the public transport network forms a certain scale, so as to realize the space-time distribution of public transport resources to adapt to the travel demand, and ensure that the service level of public transport reaches a certain standard. Therefore, in the context of the development of public transport composite network, the effective interconnection of internal and external public transport network and the formation of a relatively comprehensive coverage is an effective means to improve competitiveness. It should also be an important aspect of system evaluation, so as to reduce the time and space consumption of public transport travel and realize the "real priority" of public transport.

Among urban public transport facilities, public transport stations are playing an very important role. They are basic points for attracting passengers, junctions for line contacting and focusis for traffic conflicts. Therefore, the research point of this paper is the public transport station in the public transport facilities. The process of public transport travel is divided into three stages, and the evaluation content of station accessibility is divided into: outer-station accessibility evaluation and inter-station accessibility evaluation. The two parts correspond to the connection between the station and surrounding street network and the connection between the stations in public transport network. Through the comprehensive evaluation of the accessibility of public transport stations, it provides a theoretical basis for the development of relevant measures to improve the competitiveness of public transport.

On the one hand, an outer-station accessibility evaluation method considering the impact of street environmental is proposed. Firstly, based on the "environment behavior" theory, the initial set of factors affecting the perceived impedance of walking is constructed. Then, through the questionnaire survey, to understand the passengers' perception of the importance of each factor. The ECR model was used to analyze the importance of factors, so as to screen and determine the key factors of walking perceived impedance. Furthermore, the Choice-Based Conjoint Analysis is used to collect pedestrian preference data. The logit model was used to calibrate the preference of each factor, and the walking perceptual impedance model was constructed. The refined perceptual impedance is applied to the accessibility evaluation model.

On the other hand, the evaluation method of inter-station accessibility is constructed. The logit model is used to calibrate the transfer factor coefficients and build the transfer impedance function. Furthermore, based on the complex network theory, on the basis of the single bus topology network construction method, the transfer between different public transport modes is considered to increase the edges. The transfer impedance is taken as the weight of edge, and the construction method of composite public transport weighted topology network is proposed. Based on this, the evaluation model of inter station accessibility is established.

Taking Jiading District of Shanghai as an example, the evaluation methods of station area accessibility and inter station accessibility are applied to verify their effectiveness and rationality. This paper collects 65 bus lines and 1268 bus stops in Jiading area, constructs a composite public transport topology network, and calculates the accessibility index. With the fractal theory, the distribution characteristics of network accessibility are studied. According to the fractal pattern, the network accessibility distribution is classified into three circle regions. Further, a total of 6 stations are selected in the three circles to collect POI information and surrounding pedestrian network information, evaluate the accessibility of station area, and put forward corresponding improvement suggestions according to the evaluation results.

Finally, the deficiency and problems requiring further studies are discussed.

Key Words: public transport station, accessibility, perceived impedance, topological network