周茂松

       道路的养护维修工作是维持道路正常运行的基本保证，但是设置养护作业区往往需要封闭部分车道，这常会给道路上的交通流带来不利影响，例如延误的增加、燃料的额外消耗以及事故率的上升，对作业区进行优化设计可以降低这些负面影响。

       本文在系统研究国外道路养护作业区交通管理经验的基础上，首先对准确评价上述负面影响起关键作用的养护作业区的通行能力有关问题进行了研究，接着研究了作业区范围内的延误组成及其计算方法。最后重点对流量一定和流量变化情况下的作业工作区长度优化问题进行了研究，即通过使包括养护机构的施工费用、道路使用者的延误费用以及由于设置作业区而导致的事故费用这三项费用的综合费用最小化的方法，得到一个最佳的工作区长度。这些研究将有助于我国的养护工作决策。

关键词：养护作业区，通行能力，延误，工作区，长度优化

    Road maintenance is the basic assurance of keeping normal operations of the road. It often needs to close some lanes to set up maintenance work zones. This brings to traffic flow many detrimental effects on the road, e.g. significant delays, increased fuel consumption and negative impacts on traffic safety. It can reduce these negative effects to carry on optimization design on the maintenance work zones.

    On the basis of reviewing the traffic management research of the foreign road maintenance work zones, this paper firstly researched the work zones capacity that played a key role to accurately estimate the above-mentioned negative effects, then analyzed the various components and the calculation methods of the traffic delays about work zones. Longer work zones can make maintenance work to be performed more efficiently, but tend to increase the user delay costs, too. The thesis studied the problem of the optimal work zone lengths under the determined traffic flow and the variable traffic flow. To minimize the total cost, including the agency cost, user delay cost and accident cost, the optimum lengths of work zones can be estimated.

Key Words: maintenance work zones, capacity, traffic delays, optimum length