李林波

       城市交通拥挤收费问题是在城市道路资源空前紧张，城市交通日益恶化的情况下提出来的，作为交通需求控制的一项重要策略，它既能对交通出行行为进行有效的宏观调控，又能为交通设施的建设和维护筹集一定的资金。然而，交通拥挤收费问题不仅仅是一个交通问题，更重要的还是一个关于社会经济、政策、环境和出行心理等等要素的问题，因而对于如何去正确认识交通拥挤收费、制定交通拥挤收费方案和实施交通拥挤收费就显得尤其必要和迫切。

       论文通过运用交通工程学、微观经济学和博弈论的知识，首次系统的对城市交通拥挤收费问题进行了详细阐述，主要研究内容有：

       （1）对于已有一些交通拥挤收费模型进行分析、归纳和整理，从中透析出这些模型的内在特征和功用，为进一步的研究提供必要的经验。

       （2）对交通拥挤和交通拥挤收费的基本演变和本质概念进行深入的剖析，指出交通拥挤收费实乃缓解拥挤的良好措施。

       （3）对交通拥挤收费问题的经济学原理和进化动态原理进行深刻的研究，指出拥挤收费的合理性及其在缓解拥挤过程中是如何发挥作用的。

       （4）建立基于进化动态理论的简单拥挤定价模型。

       （5）对城市交通拥挤收费策略的应用实施进行研究，提出了必须遵循的几大原则，并指出我国实施拥挤收费必须解决的一些问题。

关键词：交通拥挤，交通拥挤收费，定价模型，微观经济学，博弈论，进化动态

    Urban traffic congestion pricing has been put forward under the situation that the city traffic has worsened increasedly and the road resource has become unprecedented absence. As an item of important tactics of demand controls of traffic, congestion pricing can not only carry on effective macro-adjustments and controls to traffic behavior, but also raise certain fund for traffic construction and maintenance of facility. However, the traffic congestion pricing is not merely a traffic problem, more important, it also, at large extent, involves trip psychology, social economy, policy, environment and so on. Therefore, it seems especially essential and urgent to how to know traffic congestion pricing, make traffic congestion pricing scheme and implement it.

    The thesis, with the traffic engineering, microeconomics and game theory, for the first time, makes the traffic congestion pricing a good systematic analysis. The main research contents are as follows:

    (1) To analyze some existent congestion pricing models and putting them in order.

    (2) Further, the thesis, through analysis of inherent characteristic and main function. To analyze the basic development and the essential concept of the traffic congestion and the traffic congestion pricing in deep, the thesis also shows that it, in fact, is an essential and effective measure for the traffic congestion pricing scheme to alleviate traffic congestion.

    (3) To make a research for economics principle and evolve dynamic principle of traffic congestion pricing. The thesis also points out the rationality of charge and how the pricing scheme makes effective in the course of alleviating congestion.

    (4) To establishing the simple congestion pricing model based on the evolving dynamic theory.

    (5) To make a research for the implement of the congestion pricing scheme and put forward several great principles that must be followed. The thesis also points out some problems that must be solved for our country to implement it.

Key Words: Traffic Congestion, Traffic Congestion Pricing, Pricing model, Microeconomics, Game Theory, Evolving Dynamic Theory