朱锐

       公交站点的衔接是出行服务链中的一个重要环节，起着极其重要的作用。目前我国城市公交站点衔接的设计没有得到充分重视，衔接设计存在许多问题，如公交站点提供的出行信息匮乏或混乱，公交换乘站点间距过长或过短，行人换乘设施设计不合理等，导致公交出行的不便，导致公交对居民的吸引力仍偏低。

       公交站点服务范围部分主要研究了步行到站的影响因素，引用了以公交支持区域为基础确定站点覆盖率的方法，并对站点的覆盖范围进行计算的修正和对站点处的自行车交通进行了设计优化，最后对乘客出行前行为进行分析，讨论了公交信息发布的系统组成，力求保证站点的可用性。

       慢行交通组织优化设计部分，通过交通调查的方式对行人到站过程中使用人行设施的心理特征，时空阈值特征进行了分析，并针对迎面式和背向式两种典型的路段公交站点设置方式进行了人行过街的优化设计，利用VISSIM仿真对两种方式进行了评价，得到了两种方式的使用范围，力求保证乘客到站过程的便捷性和安全性。

       乘客在站部分先利用环形模型分析乘客站点行为研究必要性，得到了改善候车环境和车辆到站衔接性会得到乘客公交满意度的提高的结论，在此基础上研究了乘客的在站行为特点，为站点改善设计提供依据。站点设施改善部分对公交站点的尺寸进行了设计，并对站点的服务信息进行研究，得到不同性质站点所需要的不同服务信息，同时给出了信息建议的呈现方式。然后通过统计分析建立了影响候车服务水平的层次关系，利用模糊评价模型，给出了候车环境服务水平的评估方法，并给出实际的算例。

       最后，关于进一步工作的方向进行了简要的讨论。

关键词：公交站点，出行者行为，衔接，改善设计

    The connection of the bus station is an important part in the chain of travel services and plays an extremely important role in the chain. There is not enough attention paid to the design of the connection of the bus station in Chinese urban public transport so there are many problems, such as the lack of travel information provided by the bus station, confusion maken by travel information, the spacing of bus transfer site is too long or too short, and the unreasonable design of P&R facilities. These lead to the inconvenience of bus travel, and lead to the decrease of attractiveness of public transport to the residents.

    At the part of the study of the range of bus stop services, the paper studied the impact factor of walking to the bus station. A method proposed to confirm site coverage is determined based on the support regional and site coverage is calculated correctly. The optimum design of bicycle traffic on the site is considered. The behavior of traveler before travelling is analyzed at the final. The components of bus information system are discussed. Ensure the availability of the site.

At the part of the optimize design of slow traffic organizations, the paper analyzed the psychological characteristics of pedestrian when they use crossing facilities by traffic survey, and analyzed time and space threshold characteristics of the crossing behavior. Optimized the design of the crossing facilities of two typical sections of the bus station, use of the VISSIM simulation, and strived to ensure the convenience and safety of the passengers’ arrival process.

    At the part of the study of passengers’ behavior at the station, the paper used of the ring model to analysis the necessity of studying passengers’ behavior at the bus stop. Arrival at the conclusion that improved the waiting environment and vehicle arrival bridging can increase the satisfaction of bus service. On the basis of study on the behavior characteristics of the passengers at the station, provide the basis to improve the design of bus station.

    At the part of the optimize design of the site facilities, the paper improved the design of the scale of the bus station and site information, at the conclusion on different type of the site needs different service information, and gives advice on the proposed presentation. Then the paper made use of Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation to establish the evaluation criteria of waiting service at the bus stop. At last take the LOS of waiting service of public transportation used by respondents for example to show the application of the model.

     In the finality, the problems required further study are discussed.

Key Words: bus station, traveler behavior, connection, optimum design