过去三十年来，我国高速公路发展迅速，作为我国公路网的主骨架，高速公路凭借其通行能力大、速度快等突出优势，在我国的社会与经济发展中发挥了重要的支撑作用。高速公路的迅速发展也伴随着债务增加等突出问题，高速公路的发展面临困境，有必要对高速公路的社会影响进行评价。本文对高速公路的社会影响评价的概念和内涵进行分析，通过梳理国内外高速公路发展现状以及特征和文献研究，采用多元统计分析的方法，建立高速公路社会影响评价指标体系。通过对赋权方法的研究，对高速公路社会影响因素进行分析。为进一步分析我国高速公路与社会经济发展的适应性，促进高速公路更好地发挥社会效益提供理论依据。

       首先，在不同的社会背景下，高速公路的社会影响不同。通过对国内外高速公路发展现状以及特征的分析，研究不同国家和不同社会背景的前提下，高速公路所发挥的作用。在此基础上，结合我国高速公路发展的阶段和特征，提出我国高速公路社会影响评价需要考虑的内容。

       接着，高速公路的社会影响评价指标体系涵盖内容众多，影响的作用机理也十分复杂，通过对评价指标体系建立的方法的研究，提出采用社会学研究方法与多元统计分析方法相结合的方法建立评价指标体系。首先采用社会学研究方法中的文献研究的方法，初步建立评价指标体系。其次，基于调查研究方法的相关理论，设计调研问卷并面向高速公路相关从业人员进行调研。最后对调研的结果进行因子分析和结构方程模型对指标体系进行筛选和结构优化，从而建立具有良好的结构效度的评价指标体系。

       采用主客观赋权法相结合的赋权方法，结合考虑高速公路社会影响因素的区分度以及影响程度。采用基于等级相关系数组合赋权的方法将熵值法、因子分析法与层次分析法三种方法相结合，对高速公路的社会影响因素进行分析，确定各影响因素的权重。影响因素的权重反映了我国高速公路发展过程中在各方面影响的重要程度。

       最后选取贵州省作为案例，基于本文建立的社会影响评价指标体系，采用模糊综合评判法评价贵州省高速公路在各个社会影响评价指标、影响因素方面的影响以及综合影响，结果表明贵州省高速公路具有非常重要的社会影响。

关键词：社会影响评价，高速公路，指标体系，因子分析，权重

    Over the past thirty years, China's expressway has developed rapidly. As the backbone of the highway network in China, expressway has played an important role in the social and economic development of China, attributed to the great strength on capacity and speed. However, the rapid development of the highway, accompanied by some outstanding problems, such as the increase of debt and so on, is in a dilemma.Thus, it is necessary to evaluate the social impact of expressway. The concept and connotation of the social impact assessment of the expressway are analyzed. Based on comparison of the development status and the characteristics of the expressway at home and abroad, and literature research, the evaluation index system of the social impact of the expressway is established, using the method of multivariate statistical analysis. Moreover, the social influence factors of the expressway are analyzed, based on the study on Weighting Method.

    Firstly, under different social backgrounds, the expressway network could have different social impact. On the basis of the comparison of the status and characteristics of the development of the expressway network at home and abroad, the impact of the expressway in different countries and under different social backgrounds are studied. With the consideration of the stage and characteristics of the development of expressway in China, the content which social impact assessment of China’s expressway should involve is put forward.

    Then, according to the research on the method of establishing the evaluation index system, multivariate statistical analysis combined with sociological method is proposed to establish the evaluation index system of the social impact, given that the mechanism of social influence of expressway is complicated. First of all, the evaluation index system is innitiallly established Based on the literatures. Secondly, based on the related theories of investigation, the questionnaire is designed to investigate relevant employees of the expressway. Finally, the structure of the evaluation index system is optimized through factor analysis and the structure equation modeling, in order to establish an evaluation index system with good structure validity.

    The weighting method combining subjective and objective weighting method is adopted to computing a weight array of the social influence factors of expressway, with consideration of the degree of discrimination and influence degree of the factors entropy weight method, factor analysis and analytic hierarchy process are combined based on rank correlation coefficient between weight arrays computed by different method. The combined weight array of the influencing factors is consistent with impact of the expressway in China on every aspect of society.

    Finally, expressway network of Guizhou province is anlysed as an example. Impact of each indicator and factor and comprehensive impact are calculated. It shows that expressway network of Guizhou province played an important role in society.

Key Words：social impact assessment, expressway, the evaluation index system, factor analysis, weight