任欢

现代城市居民对于公共交通的依赖不仅仅局限于单纯的时间和经济因素，公共交通设施的属性、公共交通服务的质量、出行方式的选取、居住环境的优劣等等，都已经逐渐成为人们对于公共交通的关注核心。如何真正的能让居民选择公共交通，需要交通设计者将工作落到实处，洞察出行者的公交出行需求，客观评价公共交通现状，找到问题症结所在。在城市公共交通设施中，公共交通站点作为公共交通系统中客流吸引的基点、线路联系的结点、交通矛盾的焦点，在整个公共交通系统中发挥着重要作用。因此，本文的研究点放在了公共交通设施中的公共交通站点，通过综合评价公共交通站点的可达性，为制定提高公交竞争力的相关措施提供理论依据。

本文的主要研究目标在于，在阐释公共交通站点可达性涵义及影响因素的基础上，提出量化站点可达性的评价方法，研究的最终目标在于帮助决策部门制定有效提升公共交通吸引力的相关策略，促进城市公共交通的优先发展。首先，本文基于可达性理论和城市公共交通站点的特性，提出公共交通站点可达性的涵义，并将站点可达性的评价内容分为：站点吸引可达性评价和站点放射可达性评价。其次，从“出行者效用”的角度和“公共交通系统内部站点间空间联系”的角度，分别评价“公共交通站点的吸引可达性和放射可达性”。

论文引入广义成本和空间句法的理论及方法，分别构建“出行者通过不同接驳方式到达轨道交通站点的广义成本模型”和“基于空间句法的轨道交通轴线模型和常规公交线段模型”。并以西安市和库尔勒市的实际数据为例进行应用，在轨道站点吸引可达性方面：以西安市2号线17个站点为例，分别评价了站点的步行可达性、常规公交可达性以及综合可达性，并通过横纵向的比较，分析站点可达性的高低以及其代表涵义；在公共交通站点放射可达性方面：建立了西安市近期规划线网的轴线模型，并比较了换乘站点、一般站点、首末站点的可达性；利用线段模型建立了库尔勒市现状14条市区线路的拓扑图，并以其中较为重要的23个站点为切入点，进行分析，最后以整合度值为代表进行可达性的评价。

关键词：公共交通站点，可达性，广义成本，空间句法

     Modern citizens who depend on public transport is not limited to simple factors like time and money, they began to put more focus on property of public transport facilities, service quality of public transport and the quality of living environment and so on. What we can do to make travelers like to use public transport is very important. It needs traffic designers make objective assessment of the present situation and find the crux of the problem. Among urban public transport facilities, public transport stations are playing an very important role. They are basic points for attracting passengers, junctions for line contacting and focusis for traffic conflicts. So, this paper puts an emphasis on public transport stations which through evaluating accessibility of public transport stations to provide a theoretical basis for improving the competitiveness of public transport.

     The main goal of this study is proposing the meaning and evaluation method of accessibility of public transport stations. The ultimate goal is helping decision-making departments to make relevant policies which can enhance the attractiveness of public transport. Firstly, this study is based on the theoretical characteristics of accessibility and urban public transport stations to propose the meaning, and devide it into two parts: attraction accessibility and radiation accessibility. Then this study evaluates attraction accessibility from the traveler utility’s perspective and from spatial perspective to evaluate radiation accessibility.

     We introduce generalized costs and space syntax to construct attraction accessibility model and radiation accessibility model. Attraction accessibility model is based on travelers using different ways to reach metro station and radiation accessibility model is constructing axis model of metro and segment model of bus which both are based on space syntax. Then, this study chooses city of Xi’an and Korla for example. In attraction accessibility of metro stations, taking 17 stations of Xi'an metro line 2 for example, this study evaluates accessibility of metro stations through ways of walking, bus, taxi and non-motor vehicles and analysis the result of accessibility and its representative meaning. In radiation accessibility, this paper constructs axial model of Xi'an recent planning metro nets and compares the accessibility of transfer station, general station and endpoint station; this paper also constructs segment model of 14 bus lines of Korla, based on this, using index of integration to analyze the accessibility of 23 bus stations.

Key Words:  public transport stations, accessibility, generalized costs, space syntax